Fermentation and pickling are two ancient methods for preserving food, yet they’re often confused because both can turn simple ingredients into flavourful, long-lasting delights. However, they differ significantly in their processes, benefits, and the flavours they create. Let’s dive into what sets these methods apart and why foods like sauerkraut and kimchi are popping up on all kinds of menus.
Fermentation: Preserving with Beneficial Bacteria
Fermentation is a natural process where beneficial bacteria break down sugars in foods, creating lactic acid. This acid acts as a preservative and gives fermented foods their distinctive tangy flavour. For example, sauerkraut (fermented cabbage) and kimchi (a spicy, seasoned Korean cabbage dish) develop their complex flavours through this fermentation process. The bonus? Fermented foods are packed with probiotics, which support gut health and digestion.
Pickling: Preserving with Acid
Pickling, on the other hand, relies on adding vinegar or another acidic solution to preserve foods. This creates an environment too acidic for bacteria to thrive, extending the shelf life of foods without relying on active fermentation. Pickled foods, like traditional dill pickles (gherkins), or pickled onions, have a more straightforward sour taste, often without the same probiotic benefits as fermented foods. The vinegar added does however help with digestion.
Flavour and Shelf Life Benefits
Both methods have their own advantages. Fermentation develops complex, savoury flavours that deepen over time, while pickling offers a bright, acidic taste. Both processes also preserve foods for weeks or even months as their flavours mature in the jar. This is particularly helpful for reducing food waste.
By understanding the difference between fermentation and pickling, you can explore a wide range of preserved foods that are delicious, nutritious, and sustainable. Each bringing its flavour twist to your menu.
Giving You a Headstart
We've developed several recipes using pickled and fermented ingredients from a seaweed salad to fermented plum french toast, all available to discover on seed-bank.